{ "dataset_version": { "id": 3, "label": "v1.0 initial research build", "sha256": "39b09a298de0018be3f245e1a6765062fd7bd70f46ed2f97bf0e992b4d0a7666", "created_at": "2026-09-25 15:42:32" }, "material": { "id": "perennial", "category": "Perennial crops", "feedstock": "Miscanthus x giganteus, 20-year plantation", "product": "Miscanthus-lime lightweight concrete block", "image": "perennial.jpg", "declared_unit": "1 m3 of installed miscanthus-lime blockwork, 450 kg/m3 dry", "density_kg_m3": 450, "summary": "Rhizomes are planted once and the crop is harvested every spring for about 20 years. Chopped miscanthus shiv is mixed with a lime binder at binder/aggregate = 2 and cast into blocks.", "params": [ { "id": "ba", "label": "Binder/aggregate mass ratio", "value": 2, "unit": "-", "status": "S", "dq": 2, "sources": [ "S11", "S10" ], "note": "" }, { "id": "rho", "label": "Dry density", "value": 450, "unit": "kg/m3", "status": "D", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S11" ], "note": "Midpoint of 400-500 kg/m3." }, { "id": "agg", "label": "Miscanthus shiv per DU", "value": 150, "unit": "kg", "status": "D", "dq": 3, "sources": [], "note": "= 450/3." }, { "id": "bind", "label": "Lime binder per DU", "value": 300, "unit": "kg", "status": "D", "dq": 3, "sources": [], "note": "= 450 x 2/3." }, { "id": "yield", "label": "Plateau yield", "value": 12, "unit": "t DM/ha/yr", "status": "S", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S13", "S15" ], "note": "Lower end of 12-17 t/ha; US commercial fields often lower." }, { "id": "life", "label": "Lifetime harvested dry matter", "value": 210, "unit": "t DM/ha", "status": "D", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S12", "S13" ], "note": "Harvests years 2-20; years 2-4 at 50% (yield-building phase)." }, { "id": "rhiz", "label": "Rhizome planting density", "value": 15000, "unit": "rhizomes/ha", "status": "S", "dq": 2, "sources": [ "S14" ], "note": "" } ], "scale": [ { "basis": "DU", "value": 1, "label": "per declared unit" }, { "basis": "ha", "value": 0.000714286, "label": "ha x plantation lifetime per DU", "status": "D", "note": "= 0.15 t / 210.0 t/ha" }, { "basis": "tdm", "value": 0.15, "label": "t DM shiv per DU", "status": "D", "note": "" } ], "processes": [ { "id": "mis-01", "module": "A1", "stage": "Site preparation", "name": "Pre-planting herbicide", "description": "Clean seedbed required.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel, sprayer", "amount": 0.85, "unit": "L", "basis": "ha", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S34", "S13" ], "note": "", "kind": "input", "range": [ 0.4, 1.3 ] }, { "id": "f2", "flow": "Herbicide a.i.", "amount": null, "unit": "kg", "basis": "ha", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-02", "module": "A1", "stage": "Site preparation", "name": "Autumn ploughing", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel", "amount": 15, "unit": "L", "basis": "ha", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S34", "S12" ], "note": "", "kind": "input", "range": [ 10, 20 ] } ] }, { "id": "mis-03", "module": "A1", "stage": "Site preparation", "name": "Spring rotary cultivation", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel", "amount": 10, "unit": "L", "basis": "ha", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S34", "S12" ], "note": "", "kind": "input", "range": [ 5, 15 ] } ] }, { "id": "mis-04", "module": "A1", "stage": "Establishment", "name": "Rhizome production and lifting", "description": "Nursery fields lifted to supply rhizomes.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Rhizomes", "amount": 15000, "unit": "rhizome", "basis": "ha", "ef": null, "status": "S", "dq": 2, "sources": [ "S14" ], "note": "Amount sourced; nursery burden not available.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-04b", "module": "A1", "stage": "Establishment", "name": "Rhizome transport to the field", "description": "Lifted rhizomes trucked from the nursery field.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Truck transport", "amount": null, "unit": "t.km", "basis": "ha", "ef": "truck", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Rhizome mass per ha and distance not sourced.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-05", "module": "A1", "stage": "Establishment", "name": "Rhizome planting", "description": "Specialised planter, 10-20 ha/day.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel", "amount": 12.5, "unit": "L", "basis": "ha", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S34", "S12" ], "note": "Proxy: combined sowing 10-15 L/ha.", "kind": "input", "range": [ 10, 15 ] } ] }, { "id": "mis-06", "module": "A1", "stage": "Establishment", "name": "Rolling after planting", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel", "amount": null, "unit": "L", "basis": "ha", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-07", "module": "A1", "stage": "Establishment", "name": "Weed control, years 1-2", "description": "Two herbicide passes.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel, sprayer", "amount": 1.7, "unit": "L", "basis": "ha", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S34" ], "note": "2 x 0.85 L/ha.", "kind": "input", "range": [ 0.8, 2.6 ] }, { "id": "f2", "flow": "Herbicide a.i.", "amount": null, "unit": "kg", "basis": "ha", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-08", "module": "A1", "stage": "Crop management", "name": "Fertilisation", "description": "No N, P or K required after establishment.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Mineral N", "amount": 0, "unit": "kg N", "basis": "ha", "ef": "n_an", "status": "S", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S13" ], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-09", "module": "A1", "stage": "Harvest", "name": "Annual spring harvest with forage harvester", "description": "Harvest dominates machinery GHG (>90%).", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel, forage harvester", "amount": 2.1, "unit": "L", "basis": "tdm", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S34", "S15" ], "note": "Proxy: maize silage 1.9-2.3 L/t DM.", "kind": "input", "range": [ 1.9, 2.3 ] } ] }, { "id": "mis-10", "module": "A1", "stage": "Harvest", "name": "Field-edge haulage and storage", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel", "amount": null, "unit": "L", "basis": "tdm", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-11", "module": "A1", "stage": "End of plantation", "name": "Reconversion (herbicide + ploughing out rhizomes)", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel, sprayer", "amount": 0.85, "unit": "L", "basis": "ha", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S34" ], "note": "", "kind": "input", "range": [ 0.4, 1.3 ] }, { "id": "f2", "flow": "Diesel, ploughing", "amount": 15, "unit": "L", "basis": "ha", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S34" ], "note": "", "kind": "input", "range": [ 10, 20 ] } ] }, { "id": "mis-12", "module": "A1", "stage": "Field emissions", "name": "Soil organic carbon change", "description": "Soil carbon is the main sink for yields above 5 t/ha.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "SOC change", "amount": null, "unit": "kg CO2", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [ "S15" ], "note": "Report under GWP-luluc when quantified.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-13", "module": "A1", "stage": "Aggregate production", "name": "Chopping, sieving and dedusting to shiv", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-14", "module": "A1", "stage": "Binder production", "name": "Lime binder manufacture", "description": "Hydrated lime used as proxy for the formulated lime binder.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Lime binder", "amount": 300, "unit": "kg", "basis": "DU", "ef": "lime_hyd", "status": "D", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S42", "S43", "S10" ], "note": "Binders cause about 75% of GHG in the source study.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-15", "module": "A2", "stage": "Transport", "name": "Shiv to block plant", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Truck transport", "amount": 7.5, "unit": "t.km", "basis": "DU", "ef": "truck", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S38" ], "note": "= 0.15 t x 50 km.", "kind": "input", "range": [ 3, 22.5 ] } ] }, { "id": "mis-16", "module": "A2", "stage": "Transport", "name": "Binder to block plant", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Truck transport", "amount": 75, "unit": "t.km", "basis": "DU", "ef": "truck", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S38" ], "note": "= 0.30 t x 250 km.", "kind": "input", "range": [ 30, 150 ] } ] }, { "id": "mis-17", "module": "A3", "stage": "Block plant", "name": "Mixing (pan mixer), water addition", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" }, { "id": "f2", "flow": "Water", "amount": null, "unit": "L", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-18", "module": "A3", "stage": "Block plant", "name": "Moulding and compaction", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-19", "module": "A3", "stage": "Block plant", "name": "Air curing 28-90 days, palletising", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "No energy input (air curing)", "amount": 0, "unit": "-", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "I", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S11" ], "note": "", "kind": "info" }, { "id": "f2", "flow": "Pallets and film", "amount": null, "unit": "kg", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "mis-20", "module": "A4", "stage": "Transport", "name": "Delivery to site", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Truck transport", "amount": 50, "unit": "t.km", "basis": "DU", "ef": "truck", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S38" ], "note": "= 0.5 t (incl. residual moisture) x 100 km.", "kind": "input", "range": [ 25, 100 ] } ] }, { "id": "mis-21", "module": "A5", "stage": "Installation", "name": "Laying blocks with lime mortar", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Lime mortar", "amount": null, "unit": "kg", "basis": "DU", "ef": "lime_hyd", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" }, { "id": "f2", "flow": "Breakage and cuts", "amount": null, "unit": "%", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] } ], "biogenic": { "dry_mass_kg": 150, "carbon_fraction": 0.45, "co2_kg": 247.5, "status": "A", "sources": [], "note": "Carbon fraction 0.45 assumed for miscanthus; replace with measured value." }, "info": [ { "label": "Carbonation potential of binder (use stage B1, not in A1-A5)", "value": "up to 178.2 kg CO2 if fully carbonated", "note": "= 0.594 x binder mass; real uptake is partial and slow.", "sources": [ "S44" ] }, { "label": "Miscanthus biomass net GHG incl. soil carbon (US)", "value": "about +130 to -260 kg CO2e per t biomass for yields 5-25 t/ha", "note": "Context for the unquantified SOC step.", "sources": [ "S15" ] } ], "benchmark": { "label": "No A1-A3 value retrieved for miscanthus-lime blocks", "value": null, "unit": "", "modules": "", "use_for_residual": false, "sources": [ "S10" ], "note": "Source reports net capture of 135 kg CO2e/m3 over 100 years incl. carbonation." } }, "results": { "total_fossil_gwp": 264.71532433618404, "range": [ 229.65954288955996, 305.483687210752 ], "modules": { "A1": { "gwp": 253.121574336184, "lo": 224.58454288955997, "hi": 281.639937210752 }, "A2": { "gwp": 7.21875, "lo": 2.8875, "hi": 15.09375 }, "A3": { "gwp": 0, "lo": 0, "hi": 0 }, "A4": { "gwp": 4.375, "lo": 2.1875, "hi": 8.75 }, "A5": { "gwp": 0, "lo": 0, "hi": 0 } }, "biogenic_co2_stored": 247.5, "coverage": 0.46153846153846156, "dq_weighted": 3.04766389829769, "residual": null } }