{ "dataset_version": { "id": 3, "label": "v1.0 initial research build", "sha256": "39b09a298de0018be3f245e1a6765062fd7bd70f46ed2f97bf0e992b4d0a7666", "created_at": "2026-09-25 15:42:32" }, "material": { "id": "deciduous", "category": "Deciduous wood", "feedstock": "European beech (Fagus sylvatica), French high forest", "product": "Beech glued laminated timber (glulam)", "image": "deciduous.jpg", "declared_unit": "1 m3 of installed beech glulam at 12% moisture content", "density_kg_m3": 700, "summary": "Structural glulam made from kiln-dried beech lamellas, finger-jointed and face-glued. Beech in France regenerates mostly naturally under seed trees, so there is no nursery step in the default scenario.", "params": [ { "id": "rho", "label": "Product density at 12% MC", "value": 700, "unit": "kg/m3", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [], "note": "Typical beech density; replace with manufacturer data or EN 14080 declared value." }, { "id": "rw", "label": "Roundwood allocated per m3 product", "value": 1, "unit": "m3/m3", "status": "D", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S47" ], "note": "Mass allocation between main product and sawmill co-products (chips, sawdust, bark) at equal density: allocated roundwood = 1 m3 per m3 product." }, { "id": "green", "label": "Green roundwood mass", "value": 1, "unit": "t/m3", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [], "note": "Assumed fresh beech roundwood mass for transport." }, { "id": "d_a2", "label": "Forest road to sawmill distance", "value": 100, "unit": "km", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [], "note": "Regional supply assumption; adjust per project." }, { "id": "d_a4", "label": "Factory to construction site distance", "value": 100, "unit": "km", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [], "note": "Regional delivery assumption." } ], "scale": [ { "basis": "DU", "value": 1, "label": "per declared unit" }, { "basis": "m3rw", "value": 1, "label": "m3 roundwood allocated per DU", "status": "D", "note": "See parameter 'rw'." } ], "processes": [ { "id": "dec-01", "module": "A1", "stage": "Forest regeneration", "name": "Natural regeneration under seed trees", "description": "Seed cutting and secondary cuttings open the canopy; beech seedlings establish naturally. No nursery, transport or planting in the default scenario.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Nursery seedlings", "amount": 0, "unit": "seedling", "basis": "DU", "ef": "seedling", "status": "A", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S51" ], "note": "Scenario choice: natural regeneration. Switch to planting by entering seedlings per DU.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-02", "module": "A1", "stage": "Forest regeneration", "name": "Soil scarification / site preparation", "description": "Mechanical soil preparation where regeneration is insufficient.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel, scarifier", "amount": null, "unit": "L", "basis": "DU", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [ "S51" ], "note": "Quantity not found in retrieved open sources.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-03", "module": "A1", "stage": "Stand management", "name": "Cleaning and pre-commercial thinning", "description": "Motor-manual release of young stands (brushcutter, chainsaw).", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Petrol, brushcutter/chainsaw", "amount": null, "unit": "L", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Quantity and EF not in retrieved sources.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-04", "module": "A1", "stage": "Stand management", "name": "Commercial thinnings", "description": "Thinning operations. Their fuel (2.2-3.1 L/m3) is allocated to the thinning wood that they produce, not to final-felling logs.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel, thinning allocated to this product", "amount": 0, "unit": "L", "basis": "DU", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "D", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S18" ], "note": "Allocation rule: each harvest carries its own burden.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-05", "module": "A1", "stage": "Harvest", "name": "Felling, delimbing, bucking and forwarding to roadside", "description": "Fully mechanised cut-to-length system (harvester + forwarder). Nordic softwood data used as proxy for beech.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel, harvester + forwarder", "amount": 1.4, "unit": "L", "basis": "m3rw", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "P", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S18", "S19" ], "note": "Measured 1.4 L/m3 final felling (Nordic). Hardwood on slopes can be higher.", "kind": "input", "range": [ 1.4, 3.1 ] } ] }, { "id": "dec-06", "module": "A1", "stage": "Harvest", "name": "Chain and bar lubrication", "description": "Chain oil consumed during felling and crosscutting.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Chain oil", "amount": 0.035, "unit": "L", "basis": "m3rw", "ef": null, "status": "S", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S20" ], "note": "Amount sourced; GWP factor for lubricant not available in open sources.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-07", "module": "A1", "stage": "Harvest", "name": "Hydraulic oil losses to forest soil", "description": "Spillage from harvester and forwarder hydraulics.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Hydraulic oil to soil", "amount": 0.02, "unit": "L", "basis": "m3rw", "ef": null, "status": "S", "dq": 3, "sources": [ "S20" ], "note": "Toxicity-relevant emission; not a GWP flow.", "kind": "lci" } ] }, { "id": "dec-08", "module": "A1", "stage": "Harvest", "name": "Forest road maintenance", "description": "Grading and gravel for access roads.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Road maintenance", "amount": null, "unit": "-", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Not quantified.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-09", "module": "A2", "stage": "Transport", "name": "Roundwood transport forest to sawmill", "description": "Truck haulage of green logs.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Truck transport", "amount": 100, "unit": "t.km", "basis": "DU", "ef": "truck", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S38" ], "note": "= 1.0 t/m3 x 100 km (parameters 'green' and 'd_a2').", "kind": "input", "range": [ 50, 200 ] } ] }, { "id": "dec-09b", "module": "A2", "stage": "Transport", "name": "Adhesive and packaging to the glulam plant", "description": "Inbound road freight of non-wood inputs.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Truck transport", "amount": 3.0135, "unit": "t.km", "basis": "DU", "ef": "truck", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S38" ], "note": "= 6.03 kg x 500 km (assumed supplier distance).", "kind": "input", "range": [ 1.2054, 6.027 ] } ] }, { "id": "dec-09c", "module": "A3", "stage": "Sawmill", "name": "Log yard handling", "description": "Unloading, sorting and feeding logs with a wheel loader; sprinkling of stored logs where used.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Diesel, wheel loader", "amount": null, "unit": "L", "basis": "m3rw", "ef": "diesel_nr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Plant-specific.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-10", "module": "A3", "stage": "Sawmill", "name": "Debarking and log sorting", "description": "Ring debarker; bark leaves as co-product (fuel).", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Plant-specific; not in retrieved open sources.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-11", "module": "A3", "stage": "Sawmill", "name": "Sawing into lamellas", "description": "Band or circular saws; chips and sawdust are co-products (mass allocation).", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Plant-specific.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-12", "module": "A3", "stage": "Sawmill", "name": "Kiln drying to 12% MC", "description": "Conventional kiln drying. Heat usually from biomass boilers fed with own residues (biogenic CO2); fans on grid electricity.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Heat, biomass boiler (biogenic)", "amount": null, "unit": "MJ", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Biogenic CO2 not counted in GWP-fossil; heat quantity not sourced.", "kind": "input" }, { "id": "f2", "flow": "Electricity, kiln fans", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Plant-specific.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-13", "module": "A3", "stage": "Glulam plant", "name": "Planing, strength grading, defect cutting", "description": "Visual/machine grading per EN 14081.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-14", "module": "A3", "stage": "Glulam plant", "name": "Finger jointing", "description": "Lamellas joined end-to-end.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-15", "module": "A3", "stage": "Glulam plant", "name": "Adhesive application", "description": "PUR or MUF face gluing. Amount taken from a spruce CLT EPD as proxy.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Adhesive (PUR/MUF)", "amount": 5.63, "unit": "kg", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "P", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S22" ], "note": "Amount proxy from CLT; adhesive GWP factor not available in open sources.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-16", "module": "A3", "stage": "Glulam plant", "name": "Pressing and curing", "description": "Hydraulic press.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-17", "module": "A3", "stage": "Glulam plant", "name": "Final planing, cutting, CNC joinery", "description": "", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Electricity", "amount": null, "unit": "kWh", "basis": "DU", "ef": "elec_fr", "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-18", "module": "A3", "stage": "Glulam plant", "name": "Packaging", "description": "Wrap film and straps.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "PE film", "amount": 0.207, "unit": "kg", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "P", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S22" ], "note": "Proxy from CLT EPD; EF not available.", "kind": "input" }, { "id": "f2", "flow": "PP straps", "amount": 0.19, "unit": "kg", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "P", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S22" ], "note": "Proxy from CLT EPD; EF not available.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-19", "module": "A4", "stage": "Transport", "name": "Delivery to construction site", "description": "Truck, full load.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Truck transport", "amount": 70, "unit": "t.km", "basis": "DU", "ef": "truck", "status": "A", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S38" ], "note": "= 0.70 t x 100 km.", "kind": "input", "range": [ 35, 140 ] } ] }, { "id": "dec-20", "module": "A5", "stage": "Installation", "name": "Crane lifting, positioning and fixing", "description": "Aggregated installation burden taken from a sawn-timber EPD A5 value as proxy.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Installation (EPD A5 proxy)", "amount": 1.59, "unit": "kgCO2e", "basis": "DU", "ef": "direct", "status": "P", "dq": 4, "sources": [ "S24" ], "note": "Proxy: sawn spruce/pine EPD, module A5.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-21", "module": "A5", "stage": "Installation", "name": "Steel connectors and screws", "description": "Connectors depend on the structural design.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Steel fasteners", "amount": null, "unit": "kg", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Project-specific.", "kind": "input" } ] }, { "id": "dec-22", "module": "A5", "stage": "Installation", "name": "Site offcuts and packaging waste", "description": "Handling of off-cuts (energy recovery) and packaging.", "flows": [ { "id": "f1", "flow": "Installation losses", "amount": null, "unit": "%", "basis": "DU", "ef": null, "status": "G", "dq": 5, "sources": [], "note": "Not quantified.", "kind": "input" } ] } ], "biogenic": { "dry_mass_kg": 625, "carbon_fraction": 0.5, "co2_kg": 1145.83, "status": "D", "sources": [ "S45" ], "note": "EN 16449: CO2 = 44/12 x 0.5 x oven-dry mass. Oven-dry mass = 700/1.12." }, "info": [ { "label": "Co-products leaving the system", "value": "Bark, chips, sawdust, off-cuts", "note": "Mass allocation (EN 16485 permits physical allocation).", "sources": [ "S47" ] } ], "benchmark": { "label": "No beech glulam EPD retrieved; softwood glulam PCF shown for context only", "value": 146, "unit": "kg CO2e (declared life cycle)", "modules": "context", "use_for_residual": false, "sources": [ "S48" ], "note": "Not comparable: different species and modules." } }, "results": { "total_fossil_gwp": 21.152681249999997, "range": [ 13.472972500000001, 41.663362500000005 ], "modules": { "A1": { "gwp": 4.4239999999999995, "lo": 4.34, "hi": 9.796000000000001 }, "A2": { "gwp": 9.01368125, "lo": 4.4804725, "hi": 18.0273625 }, "A3": { "gwp": 0, "lo": 0, "hi": 0 }, "A4": { "gwp": 6.125, "lo": 3.0625, "hi": 12.25 }, "A5": { "gwp": 1.59, "lo": 1.59, "hi": 1.59 } }, "biogenic_co2_stored": 1145.83, "coverage": 0.21739130434782608, "dq_weighted": 4, "residual": null } }